Which of the following are the three main types of ionizing radiation?

The three main types of ionizing radiation are alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays. Each of these types has distinct properties and behaviors when interacting with matter.

Alpha particles consist of two protons and two neutrons, making them relatively heavy and positively charged. They have low penetration ability, being stopped by a sheet of paper or human skin, but they can cause significant damage if ingested or inhaled due to their high mass and charge.

Beta particles are electrons or positrons emitted from the nucleus of an atom during radioactive decay. They are lighter than alpha particles and have greater penetration capabilities, able to pass through paper but stopped by materials like plastic or glass.

Gamma rays are high-energy electromagnetic waves resulting from nuclear decay processes. They are highly penetrating and can pass through most materials, requiring dense substances like lead or several centimeters of concrete for effective shielding.

In contrast, other options listed do not represent the main types of ionizing radiation. Sound waves, for instance, are mechanical waves and do not possess the qualities of ionizing radiation. Similarly, cosmic rays are not a specific type of radiation in the same category as the others mentioned and can consist of various particles, including protons and heavier nuclei, rather than fitting neatly into the main classifications